Edmund Fitzgerald Essay Example

Edmund Fitzgerald Essay The Edmund Fitzgerald was built in River Rouge, Michigan in 1958 with the hull number 301 (McCall) .The job was completed with the help of one thousand men.The Fitzgerald was seven hundred twenty nine feet long and was the largest freighter on the Great Lakes at the time.Mrs. Edmund Fitzgerald christened it on June 8, 1958 before sliding into the Detroit River (Nolan) .The Fitzgerald set numerous shipping records before its last voyage.In 1964 it became thefirst Great Lakes vessel to carry more than a million gross tons of ore through the Soo Locks.It then broke its own record by hauling 1.2 million tons through the Locks (Stonehouse 13) .This is why the Fitzgerald was labeled The Pride of the American Flag (Stonehouse 13) . Over the years people have speculated what actually happened to the Edmund Fitzgerald.Nobody witnessed the Fitzgerald actually sink so there are many theories of what people think happened.Studies of the wreckage and the sight of where it went down disproved all the theories.Based on the weather conditions, the boats condition, its last voyage, and the Marine Casualty Report an answer of the cause was concluded. The storm was generated over the Oklahoma Panhandle on November 8, 1975.It moved northeasterly towards the Lake Superior.On November 9, the National Weather Service issued warnings of winds of thirty-four to forty-seven knots for Lake Superior (Marine Accident Report) .They also predicted rain and thunderstorms with waves eight to fifteen feet. At 1:00 a.m. on November 10, the Fitzgerald reported winds at fifty-two knots and waves ten feet tall.At this time the Fitzgerald was twenty miles south of Isle Royal.An hour later the National Weather Service issued a storm warning.The NWS predicted winds now thirty-five to fifty knots northeasterly with waves eight to fifteen feet.At 7:00 a.m. the Fitzgerald was forty-five miles north of Copper Harbor, Michigan and re

Bamboozled essays

Bamboozled essays The movie Bamboozled, I thought, brought an interesting point on how African Americans are thought of and treated. Bamboozled revealed most of the racism that goes on television. This was mostly about a television show that had a comedy, dance, and singing act, but the thing was that this show only had black performers. These people were dressed with colorful clothes, they painted their lips bright red and most of them had big afro like hair. Many people were offended by this show because of what it symbolized. Old cartoon characters of black people were always animated as people with really dark skin, big re lips, and big ugly hair. This movie brought up some topics that I had an issue with, which is on how black people are viewed in the eyes of others. Many people think that most of the thieves, murders, and hoodlums are black people. Of course, it isnt that black people are judge crudely just because of the color of their skin, but because of the reputation that many other black people make for them selves. For example, rappers, gangster, and plane old people from the ghetto, give many black people a bad name by the violent way they act and other people are stuck with the idea that all black people are the same way too. I guess many people have a different thought on how black people are, but I think they should wait till they get to know the actual person instead of by the color of theyre skin. I liked Bamboozled because of how it showed how much racism is going on, but one thing that I thought they should have shown is that black people arent the only ones looked down on. ...

Discussion on C.P.Ellis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on C.P.Ellis - Essay Example Later on in the passage, C.P realized that, people are not made up of their color and was even ready to work with a black woman (Lecture notes 8). This passage makes an individual to look at the factors that made him join the Ku Klux Klan. It also makes individuals understand why others have prejudice or become racist against other of people. This passage makes one understand that, the main causes of prejudices are psychological, and these includes frustration, low self-esteem, and a societal cause such as financial competition. These factors provide an explanation C.P. Ellis’ racial behavior. From these few descriptions, I agree with the C.P. Ellis, and the question that comes into my mind is that, why is racism and prejudices so persistent yet researchers know their roots? It is also ironical that Ellis’ wish for success not only directed him to Klansman but also molded him. Furthermore while in the group he discovered that the African people where ordinary people (596). Furthermore, the society also had white people from low-income group just like the black low-income people. The story provides a description of how he works with Ann on the assigned project. From the teamwork, Ellis’ discovered that he was doing something very important. Through his work, he got rid of inferiority complex. It is clear from the passage that inferiority complex can affect an individual’s self-esteem (596). It can either incite someone to have prejudices, or make someone not to have prejudices. Ellis’ frustrations were because of his poverty and he was not in a position to get out of the low c lass group of people, so he thought that by joining the Klansmen he would achieve the American dream. In fact, from the story we are told he even blames the black niggers for his economic situation. He says that If they did not have negroes in their schools, then they would not be having financial problems (596). He also adds

Reasearch Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasearch Article - Essay Example Deaf children have special needs and they have to be educated with extra care and effort. It is usually observed that children with hearing impairment have major problem in phoneme production, syntax and vocabulary. The need of such children always varies according to the defect they have in their sensory organs and therefore educational activities has to be tailored according to it. It has been proved that inclusive classrooms are very beneficial to deaf children as it gives them better exposure. The article really emphasize on how non verbal communication play a vital role in the language development of these kids. The communication procedure and teaching strategies of the educational process of deaf children is the main subject of the article The article pin points those children with hearing impairment come three year later in studies than normal children. Research was practiced to prove the success of three methods of communication used in the education of deaf children. They are lip-reading, lip-reading and finger spelling, and lip-reading, finger spelling and signing. However, Lip-reading, finger spelling, and signing seems to be more effective to these students. This form of communication has shown eighty – six percent of success rate. The sign language is thus shown to increase the learning ability of the deaf kids. However Inclusive classrooms can have negative effect as the teacher uses more than one method to communicate to pupil. If the teacher uses both communication styles simultaneously children can be left in doubtful situation. The students who are hearing are less benefited from this kind of teaching as they are less delivered with information while teacher use sign language. Inclusive language has its merits and demerits as sign language benefit the deaf and can enhance their phonetic aspect while strong vocabulary use can confuse the student with hearing ability. the deaf

Multiple paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multiple paragraphs - Essay Example I expect my art to inspire my audience to be able to make change just as I did, and to fulfill their dream of what they are passionate about. Again, there is neither right nor wrong in making a hobby into a job, nor making a passion into reality and so they need to be their own judge, and take charge for their own life. Bill does not think his art is great, but he likes how he actually uses bold colors, flashy accessories and trends in the making of his art. Although he sees some technical issues, his art always puts people in light because he seeks the beauty that people wear on the street and finds it. His art changed him, for example, he started to find beauty in his own interactions with people, better than before and will tend to look in his eyes like a genuine human being. He became engaged in life that is because his natural enthusiasm and joy that he cannot help to uplift everyone. Cunningham’s art would influence other people’s lives, because he tends to know much about people without judging them in his art and tends to bring the beauty in them. His art has an underlying message which is â€Å"no matter how you do or look like you will find the beauty within you and you will have a light that will shine on you, so don’t let people judge you, judge yourself

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay Motivation or the drive to attend events can be of generic nature. Benefits associated with it also plays a motivational role. Leisure and travel especially having quality time with family and friends in addition to enjoy that sense of belonging give reason to attend events. Events pull people from all corners, socializing can be one of the many interest which drives oneself to attend events. The sole purpose of creating events by social and cultural group is socializing. Planned events definitely facilitate socializing, i.e. people coming together and interacting. People attend events for generic personal benefits such as entertainment and simple diversion (we can call this escapism) and having fun. Generic Experiences are those which can occur at any event. These experiences depend more on an individuals state of mind and particular circumstances rather than with the event theme, programme or setting. There are some ambiguous and generic reasons to attend events like entertaining, a reaction to something or ones point of view. . The event might be solemn and sacred. Sports event can attract fun loving visitors. Any enjoyable, stimulating or relaxing event draws people towards it. (Donald Getz, p. 182). There are some specific event experiences which are considered motivational. These events are planned events. People seeking knowledge, with a learning objective welcomes a cultural event. They are able to know something new and appreciable about the culture. Engage emotionally and cognitively with places, people and their lifestyle, historical aspect, cultural performances, food and beverages, art and architecture of that place . Simply sightseeing, enjoying, entertaining or spectacle, does not constitute a cultural experience. Belonging and sharing among a social group, community or nation are reflected in celebration. Values come to the forefront. In many cultural events community itself is the theme of celebration. Cultural events are concerned with genuineness in experiential terms. For a joyous experience being one of the motivational factor, festival and carnivals are attended by visitors. These festivals and carnivals depict a wide range of themes. These festivals can be sacr ed and religious. The carnivals associated with wild and boisterous merry making. The festivals may embody rituals. These festivals and carnivals entertain the attendants, provide a party atmosphere, these seem to be the drive which attract the visitors. The entire experience is dependent on the visitors involvement, their thinking, their approach (Donald Getz, p. 183). The developed souls are drawn towards spiritualism and religion. Any event associated with spiritualism and religion motivates them to attend. Events associated with transcend, to discover self, rapture, ecstasy, revelation with intense religious or spiritual experiences are more than enough to motivate these souls to attend the spiritual and religious events. There are significant differences between being religious and being spiritual. Spiritual refers to personal belief, a search for meaning in ones life, and so any tourist could have a spiritual experience in a sacred place or alongside religious pilgrims. (Timothy and Olsen , 2006, p 271) There are possibilities for spiritual experiences being incorporated into, or modifying mans common forms of tourism, from nature tours to attending farm shows and harvest festivals, food and wine tastings to spa visits. While often associated with visits to sacred places, spiritual experiences are also realized through meditation, exploring and performing rituals. In this sense the search for meaning in life can propel, almost invisibly, many leisure and travel activities or events. (Reisinger, 2006) A rite of passage and a transforming experience, the pilgrimage a special event in a persons life. A quest, a journey and an experience of a sacred place acts as motivational factors for this type of event. A pilgrimage is conceptualized as a special event in a persons life. There are well defined events for religious pilgrimage. The main motive of this event is to purify, repent, sacrifice and praise. In some cases it gains special status, making it a transforming process, at least in symbolic terms for e.g. on completion of the Hajj, one becomes Hajji. (Donald Getz, p. 184). Many tourism scholars now speak of secular pilgrimages or secular events , such as a golfers pilgrimage to St Andrews in Scotland (the generally recognized birthplace of the game) or a wine lovers pilgrimage to the regions in which favourite wines are produced. Gammon (2004) wrote (p. 40): pilgrimage.., will include a journey of some kind to a place (or places) which holds personal and/or collective meaning to the pilgrim The experience might provoke awe and wonderment, whether at a sport shrine or a holy event. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Within special interest groups, or sub-cultures, certain events have prestige and become must-see, must-do icons. For example, marathon runners strive to qualify for the Boston Marathon, making participation in that event almost like a pilgrimage. Does this apply to music concerts or other types of events? Could consumer researchers identify an evoked set of events that people just have to attend because of their symbolic value? (Donald Getz, p. 185) Many political and state events have a high degree of formality, pomp and ceremony attached to them. Terms like stately. regal or dignified might be used to describe the mood. Attendance to these events is to protest, participate or report on depending on what access the visitor have to the VIPs, and how they interact with security. For the politicians in attendance there should be dialogue, negotiation and public displays of diplomacy. (Donald Getz, p. 185) By labelling entertainment an industry, society has created a social construct that depicts many forms of planned events (especially concerts, award shows and sports. but even festivals and art exhibitions) as entertainment. Events, for many, have become legitimate outlets for consumerism where time is spent and money oblivious to, or unwanting of, any deeper experience or meaning than short-lived amusement. This, of course, is a dangerous thing for anyone concerned about the arts, cultural authenticity or social values. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Aesthetic judgement concerns art but is value laden and relative. What one person finds attractive, another might describe as boring or disgusting. An aesthetic experience, however, is one in which we find something to be pleasing to us. It can be the aesthetic appreciation of paintings, food, fashion or music. Designers take note: aesthetic experiences are valued, and they motivate a great deal of travel and consumption. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Authenticity is widely considered by academic scholars to be a crucial factor in visitors motivation to attend any event. In the heritage event, arena authenticity is a widely used marketing tool. If an event is authentic, then the attendee gains both in self-fulfillment because it is perceived to be a more valuable experience but also because it provides greater status and prestige to them when discussing the visit with friends. However, it is important to remember that the degree of authenticity ascribed to the event is often different to different people. A visitors perception of authenticity depends. however, upon their own understanding of culture and appreciation of art forms, such as dance or music, as well as their taste and educational level. It is also affected by external factors such as overcrowding, weather and traffic on the journey there. Similarly to motivation, each individuals perception of authenticity will be different. Visitors accept, and even expect, a certain level of staging and inauthenticitv in events, which do not necessarily detract from the value of that experience, but are seen as intrinsic. Authenticity can be existential, in visitors minds rather than an actual reality. (Peter Robinson, Debra Wale, Geoff Dickson, 2010). In case of Food Events, Festivals, etc the main motivation at the enterprise level is to create relationships with customers and consumers. The opportunity for face-to-face contact can lead to positive relationships with consumers which may lead to both direct sales and indirect sales through positive word of mouth; increasing margins through direct sales to consumer because of the absence of many distribution and intermediary costs; increasing consumer exposure to products and increasing opportunities to sample products rather than through normal retail outlets; building brand and product awareness and loyalty through establishing links between producer and consumer; providing an additional sales outlet. For smaller producers who cannot guarantee volume or consistency of supply, direct sales via event is the only feasible sales outlet; providing marketing intelligence on products and customers. Producers can gain instant and valuable feedback on the consumer reaction to their existi ng products. and are able to trial new additions to their product range; and providing opportunities to educate customers. Visits to events can help create awareness and appreciation of specific types of foods and food as a whole, the knowledge and interest generated by this can be expected to result in increased consumption and purchase. (Telfer and Wall, 1996; Hall and Mitchell, 2001, 2008; Hall et al., 2003) Wine festival visitors are not alike in terms of their needs, wants, and personal characteristics. They should not be considered as being a homogenous group. It is important for festival organizers and wine marketers to recognize these different groups in order to implement appropriate promotional strategies. (C. Michael Hall, Liz Sharples) The single event case study is dominant within empirical work. Li and Petrick (2006) suggest that a majority of the studies pertaining to festival and event motivation have employed travel motivation frameworks which have been theoretically based on the escape-seeking dichotomy and push-pull model. Event attendance motives are multiple, and include cultural exploration, family togetherness, recovery of equilibrium, novelty. external group socialisation, known group socialisation, gregariousness and festival participation and learning.(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) In addition to the above and taking into consideration the characteristics of the Ulaanhaatar Naadam as a key sporting event, the growing body of literature on motivation for attending sporting competitions should also be acknowledged. Kim and Chalip (2004). in particular. have cast some light on motivations associated with fan interest (identifying with specific competitors) and the aesthetic appreciation. .(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) Although the practice of marketing is often reduced to, or confused with advertising and sales, it is best described as the management of the interface or exchange relationships between an organization and its stakeholders, in pursuit of achieving the organizations goals. Communications are a key element in this ongoing process. Marketing requires research to gain understanding of customers and other stakeholders needs, motives and choices, the effectiveness of communications, and the influences of price and supply. Its theoretical foundations lie mainly in psychology and economics. Customers are not the only group that requires relationship management that task starts internally with staff and volunteers and extends externally through facilitators and regulators. Events marketing is dependant on the visitors motives to attend the event. (Donald Getz, p. 278) Worldwide interest, increasing globalization, a growing television audience and exposure to the World Wide Web have led to increased interest in events as a reflection of contemporary culture. In some extreme instances, sporting events can stop the nation arid the world. This is certainly the case with some athletic events in the Summer Olympics. Two billion viewers watched Pope John Paul IIs funeral. The execution of this event was doubtlessly planned in infinite detail an extraordinary ceremony attended by the worlds leaders and watched worldwide. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Competitive environment, countries and cities involved in bid processes demonstrate the competitive nature of event procurement. Many conferences and exhibitions attract thousands of visitors and their expenditure is generally much higher than the average international visitor, All over the world in China, in particular there are initiative5 to build bigger and better convention facilities in order to attract this lucrative segment. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Economic and tourism impact, business, cultural and sporting events also contribute significantly to the economic and tourism impact on cities and even countries. Many cities and suburbs are branded by their hallmark events, including Edinburgh. Monaco, Rio, Calgary and Chelsea. Taken into account here is the direct expenditure of visitors and event organizers as well as the indirect (or flow on) economic effect on the wider community. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Authentic or imaginative event products, consumers look for a point of difference and, in particular, authenticity when visiting an event as a tourist. Where leisure options are a dime a dozen, an event needs to provide the motivation to attend. In the case of annual events, the visitor needs a reason to return. WOMAD is an example of a popular and enduring event, held in several cities. WOMAD stands for World of Music, Arts and Dance, expressing the central aim of the WOMAD festival, which is to bring together and to celebrate many forms of music, arts and dance drawn from countries and cultures all over the world. The organizers say they aim to excite, to inform, and to create awareness of the worth and potential of a multicultural society. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) There is an old adage that Nothing happens until somebody sells something-an observation offered by Red Motley, the original editor of Parade magazine, the Sunday supplement to the Washington Post. Nowhere is this truer than in the conference and event industry. The marketing process must begin at the outset of the planning process, during the setting of the goals and objectives of the event itself. Marketing must both reflect and drive those objectives. It must also integrate the objectives into one goal and enlist people into action toward the fulfillment of that goal. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) For example. an educational conference essentially has one goal: to educate participants. The marketing approach should emphasize the unique educational programs that this event will offer the attendee. Many vague promotions begin with You Are Invited to Attend. . . or something limpid such as Join Us for the 20th Annual Conference. These are far less comuelling uitchcs than those that proclaim: Learn How to Increase Your Profits or Ensure That Your Business Can Survive in the New Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) A conference might be designed to focus on a number of objectives such as, for example, education, entertainment, and changing the future governance of the organization. If this is our hypothetical event, marketing should drive all of those objectives. As an example. print promotion should proclaim that when you attend this event, you will learn Techniques for Success, revel in The Greatest Celebration of the Decade, and discover how to Position Our Association to Succeed in the Now Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) The essential point is that the marketing must begin when the planning process is launched. Only then can it serve as the greatest integral asset to drive attendance, profits. and repeat business at the next event. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) Marketing should integrate all of the management decisions so that they focus on the goals and objectives of the event as well as those of the sponsoring organization itself. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) History is rich with examples of creative geniuses who have dreamed beyond the borders of the conventional in order to develop awareness and increase sales for their events. they all shared a commonality of purpose. namely, the three Es of Event Marketing: Entertainment,Excitement, Enterprise. (Leonard H. Hoyle, pp 1-2) Whether you are marketing a complete convention or a standalone awards banquet. all three of these elements are critical to the continuing success of any event. Entertainment, for example, is available everywhere in our society. Years ago, people had to make a special effort to leave their homes to attend the theater or a sporting event to enjoy entertainment. They are now saturated with convenient home entertainment options on television, CDs and DVDs, computers. and videos. Key to your marketing success is the need to provide entertainment that will once again compel your audience to leave home to experience something they will not find there, because what you are offering is different, unique. and designed just for them. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement may seem intangible, but it is real. It is key to making an event memorable. Excitement may be generated by entertainment that blows the doors off the place: the great band, the dazzling magician, the fabulous party staged in the atrium lobby of a resort hotel. Bitt entertainment may have nothing to do with the excitement promised by an event marketer. Many marketers miss the opportunity to promise excitement in other critical features of their meeting and other events. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement can be part of a tribute to an industry leader, a new corporate logo introduced at a sales conference, or a celebration of an associations anniversary. The point is that it should always be considered as part of an effective marketing plan. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) For example, the greatest excitement for an attendee may be the eye-opening revelations of that special educational program that advances knowledge and career opportunities and changes lives forever. Or it may be the impact of that keynote speaker whose motivational message will become a lasting asset, and cherished memory, for the listener. The lesson? In whatever you market. incorporate excitement as pad of the promise. And then make sure it is delivered. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Enterprise is defined in Websters Unabridged Dictionary as, among other things. a readiness to take risks. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) The natural inclination of people to experience something new, to be among the first to be able to describe those experiences to their friends, and to become part of the inner sanctum of the new enterprise. They wanted to blow the doors off the place and dared to ask the impertinent questions. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 3)

Cultural , Political, and Religious Interactions in Ancient Asia Essay

Since Asian countries came in contact with each other, Cultural, Political, and Religious interactions between them, began. The Ancient Asian countries’ interactions with each other play a big role in affecting how the Asian countries are today. Political contacts and interaction were most often made because a country wanted to become allies to gain military security, or to join their forces to fight a mutual enemy that they couldn’t fight alone; but sometimes situations didn’t go the way they were planned. One example is Zhang Qian’s mission as an envoy. He was sent as an envoy from Wu Di, the Han emperor, to make contact and alliance with the nomadic tribes just west of them. The western tribes and the Han Empire had a mutual enemy, the Xiongnu, who roamed the lands just north of the Great Wall. Zhang Qian started off to the west, but when he came back to the Han Empire he was with a Xiongnu wife. His report was that he was captured by the Xiongnu and this woman helped him escape. He traveled to the western tribes to make an alliance but they refused. Missionaries usually made religious contacts. The missionaries’ main goal was to spread their religion so more people convert. Examples of religious contact by missionaries are buddhist missionaries. They traveled all throughout Southeast Asia, settled there for a while, and successfully converted a lot of people into Buddhism. The Asian countries’ cultures influenced each other. They influenced each other’s culture through trade. Foreign artifacts, ideas and craft skills were adapted into the local culture if they seemed useful. Indian influence spread all throughout Southeast Asia, largely because of Brahmins who had royal courts across Southeast Asia. They brought new government ideas, artistic ideas, and a written language called Sanskrit. The main Chinese cultural influence, aside from religion, was language and laws. They spread the Chinese language and laws along mainland Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam, when they tried to take it over. However, even though the Asian countries’ cultures influenced each other, they each had a strong local culture to begin with.

International Development: Theories of Modernization, Dependency, Globalization

Minhchau Truong ID 125 Prof. Kevin Maclean Midterm Exam Citation Black, Maggie. The No-Nonsense Guide to International Development. (London: New Internationalist Publications Ltd, 2007). Naim, Moises. Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy. (New York: Anchor Books, 2005). Reding, Nick. Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town. (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009). Thurow, Roger and Scott Kilman. Enough: Why the World’s Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty. New York: Perseus Books, 2009). 1. ) Modernization Theory was used to justify the process of decolonization and intervention by the United States, which had the ulterior motive of gaining access to new markets and thus boosting the national economy. The U. S. separated this theory from Cold War ideologies with the distinguishing feature that it emphasized GNP and technical measures. The theory is ethnocentric and is posited in the belief that there is a ceaseless struggle again st scarcity and that underdeveloped nations must overcome this natural state. The role and ability of the developed state was framed by the teleological doctrine that began with preconditions to â€Å"take-off†, which was recognition that economic progress was necessary to move from â€Å"tradition† to â€Å"modernity† to the final â€Å"take-off†, to the â€Å"drive to maturity† (which was expected to be completed in 1-2 generations), to the â€Å"age of high-mass consumption† (similar to the historical patterns of the U. S. ). The strengths of Modernization theory included its organized capitalism, integration into the world economy, and outlook of economic expansion. These changes were to be achieved through institutions and a shift from earlier colonial hierarchy and integration into the United Nations family (a de jure equality). However, the weaknesses overpower benefits. The theory naturalizes â€Å"underdevelopment† as something that can be changed easily, and discounts implicit historical, geographical, sociological circumstances or specific constraints. Furthermore, it disregards underdeveloped countries by trivializing conditions by labeling it as the â€Å"global norm†. Economics is foremost on the agenda, rather than politics, because capital accumulation for developed states- not actual welfare of the concerned state- is the main objective. The theory displaces the more correct principle of the right to self-definition. The linear growth implied by the theory can only be achieved by mass consumption, competition, individualism. Essentially, modernization theory is an ahistorical narrative imposed by ethnocentric developed states that could not possibly relate to their underdeveloped states. Dependency Theory sees the historical relations of inequality, the unequal relationships developed between industrialized countries versus underdeveloped. Theoretically, the problem is explained as: economic growth in advanced industrialized countries did not lead to a growth in poorer countries. Dependency theory acknowledges that modernization theory directly contradicted neo-classical economic theory- the Pareto optimal, that economic growth was beneficial to all even if benefits not equally shared, this was not evident in the relationship between industrialized nations and unindustrialized nations. The strengths of dependency theory included that is accounted for real history as opposed to modernization theory, which was a philosophy of history. It saw states as a global structure, and saw inequalities as a problem rather than a way to promote competition and equalizations. There were realistic expectations, unacknowledged that imposition of â€Å"development† was actually an act of exclusion. What was preferred was a more natural, predestined process of inclusion. Economically, dependency accurately determined the outcomes of modernization: poor countries exported primary commodities to rich countries, which the rich countries used to then manufacture products out of them, therefore adding value to the overall product during the manufacture, which they then export back to poorer countries. In the end, these poorer countries would never earn enough from exports to pay for their imports due to the added value. However, the weaknesses are substantial, and expose the logical fallacies dependency theory is built upon. It is more of a critique than an independent theory for improvement, there is some insight but not much. With dependency theory, there is little to no success from its initial conclusions. Its avocation for protectionism and trade tariffs was not enough for developing countries to emerge economically. The suggestion of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) was also not enough because the economic theory required implementation of incubation of domestic infant industries that many times were difficult to start-up without the help local governments. Various avenues, tariffs, import quotas and subsidized government loans were many times not possible due to absence of political will or ability. The development of production channels were often times distorted or disrupted due to external forces or inability of states to handle. Here, an imperialist mindset is once again imposed onto undeveloped nations, Transnational corporations (TNCs) stationed in undeveloped nations impose standards and expectations, which are most pronounced in their monopolistic practices and assertion of political and economic agenda onto the concerned country. In addition, many times, when a country did specialize in their production of goods, their own internal markets were not large enough to support the economies of scale. People either didn’t have enough money or had a preference for outside foreign goods. Essentially, relations cannot simply be fixed, there is a much more dynamic complexity. Peripheral states cannot possibly â€Å"just catch up†, they did not ask to be placed in their respective positions within the world economy, they were forced by dominate states (developed countries like the U. S. – they were labeled as â€Å"under-developed† when their â€Å"inequalities† were identified by us, pitted against our own standards- unfairly so. Advanced industrial economies can’t serve as models for developing ones, their success was contingent upon highly exploitive colonial relationships (with the very underdeveloped countries they are trying to aid now, which is ironic) these relationships cannot be created. Implications of dependency include: Alternative use of resources preferable to current patterns of use- they don’t want our methodologies. The practice of diverted resources are maintained by dominant states and power elites within dependant states, this fixes nothing, rather, it further complicates relations between concerned â€Å"underdeveloped† country and those who are in control of them. There are overlapping interests, value and culture assumptions, assumption that this dependency is voluntary, elites believe key to economic development is to follow liberal economic doctrine, this is essentially hegemony. Economic growth does not equal economic development, more attention needs to be paid o social indicators- life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality, education, emergence of human index. Greater integration is not the answer, equality cannot be achieved World System Theory was first was labeled as â€Å"Modern World system. † An integration through market rather than political center, the state was an economic tool for capital accumulation by certain classes. The world was comprised of mini-system s, which made up world empires, which made up a capitalist world economy. This world-wide perspective with historical depth of centuries was necessary to understanding the present. Single tripartite division of labor notion induced that countries do not have economies but are part of a world economy. The core zones benefited from monopolies, while the semi-peripheries were dominated by the core zones, and the peripheries themselves were developing countries dominated by both core and semi-periphery countries. Labor-intensive production took place in periphery states as a means to former states’ economic deliverance. Periphery states’ subordinate status is due to a number of factors including, technological conditions and the difference in strength of states on the global market scale, thus the differential flow of surplus to core results in unequal exchange. However, the strengths of the theory lies in the assumption that capital accumulation on a global scale will in turn, benefit developing countries. The weakness of the theory is how it is debilitating regarding focus towards strong and weak states. The theory concentrates on the historical evidence of failure rather than success, and discounts the class structure and economic growth, among other important elements, within states. The zero-sum economic narrative is limited, grounded in ahistorical euro-centrism. The theory polarizes periphery states by keeping them down, with the ideology of ruling groups presiding over them. Conclusively, the theory is a capitalist structure that operates on the endless accumulation of capital rather than the well-being of particular periphery states. The contemporary forms of â€Å"globalization† make these three theories of state-led development irrelevant and require us to rethink some of the assumptions upon which they were based for many reasons. Firstly, the increased but selective flow of financial capita between major metropoles exemplified in Illicit Trade shows the unrecognized potential of â€Å"dependant† states, how they are actually able to thrive despite conditions (of scarcity, etc. ). In Illicit Trade, the examples of countries thriving on the wholesale of contraband commodities, or transshipment havens (Suriname, Nauru) shows how the differentiated labor markets within and across national borders have essentially been empowered, there is no definitive route to economic growth, illicit trade just so happens to be this new growth- for the good or the bad. The increased, but uneven integration of consumer markets worldwide proves the irrelevancy of modernization and dependency theory, as there was no prerequisite in this integration that was previously said necessary in the former theories. The Governments were a emphasized factor in the theories for growth and development, however, in this context of globalization and illicit trade, the private facilitation of capitalist penetration from countryside to countryside has actually been the impetus. The new, emerging aspects of illicit trade is that it’s not just a crime, or an underground phenomenon, but it could fashion economic possibilities. There is now an intrinsic connection to political structures, emerging Governments. High-profile trafficking organizations now have a heavy influence and control over governments. The dependency on illicit trade has pervaded into the basic exchange of commodities, thus the interaction of people, thus it is now well stitched into the fabric of existence, it has constituted cultures. The entire disarraying manifestations of illicit trade has now coalesced, it is now a part of history, it has become facet of life. 2. ) The manufacture, distribution, and sale of methamphetamine rose largely out of the recent developments of Globalization and free trade, long term trends in agricultural and pharmaceutical companies, and the action of government lobbyists. These basic components make up for what Reding describes in Methland, as the meth epidemic of today. Reding’s best illustration is his microcosmic case example of Lori Kaye Arnold, starting from the origins of her entrepreneurial endeavors to her quick succession of wealth and monopoly control over meth. Lori’s decision to drop out of high school and house herself through her meth delivery service exemplifies the opportunities of income that are available to small rural communities subjugated to lack of employment. Due to this facet, production of meth transferred to underground population sites of small town meth addicts (like Lori) and outlaw chemists. Rural economies of small towns like Oelwein were gradually taken over by profiteering industries. The turning over of Iowa Ham to Gillette to Iowa Beef Products (IBP) to Tyson, resulted in a shrinkage of worker demand and stationary wages. In January 2006, Tyson officially closed the plant , â€Å"the initial workforce had been reduced from nearly two thousand people to ninety-nine, a remarkable, devastating loss of revenue in a town of only six thousand† (Reding 2009, 53). Ottumwa, a town in southeast Iowa endured the same hardship that crept into Oelwein. The town was eventually also starved of tax revenue and disposable income from the shut-down of the town’s railroad, air force base, and the sale of its meat-processing plant to Cargill. And like Oelwein, â€Å"Methamphetamine moved into the new economic gap,† and helped to sustain not just the market in Oelwein, â€Å"but also in towns all over Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, and the Dakotas† (Reding 2009, 60). It was Lori’s success in Ottumwa that made her decide to expand her horizons in meth distribution. Lori went straight to her middleman in Des Moines, and continued in her ambitions to her supplier in Long Beach, California. Meanwhile, Lori’s own enterprise fueled the franchises of people like Jeffrey William Hayes and Steve Jelinek, such is the lucrative nature of the meth business. Lori’s eventual partnership with the Mexican Mafia, the Ameczua brothers ushers in powerful forces that make up a web of interdependence, all revealing the scale of hold meth has on not just small towners like Lori, but also our local and global economy. The U. S. mmigration policy could not prevent the influx of Mexican immigrants that came, who were now seen as excellent transportation devices for large quantities of the meth throughout California and the west. Midwestern residents who just lost their jobs were now headed for booming labor-markets in Los Angeles and San Diego, becoming ideal social and business connections for drug cartels like the Amezcua brothers. These factors enable d drug cartels to expand their business prospects, but also provided a source of income for those involved, a major motivator. Additionally there was the appeal of the drug itself. Meth was powerful; a vocational drug rather than a recreational one, it was perfect for labor-intensive occupations, thus effectively converting mere middlemen or workers into consumers. The cost-effective narcotic had been around since industrialization, and its cheap convenience was made all the more apparent when rural economies collapsed and people felt like they needed the drug in order to survive. For all these reasons, meth was a sustainable business in its inception that allowed it to go unnoticed. The precursor to meth production (ephedrine, and soon, pseudoephedrine) was made readily available by pharmaceutical companies and engineers in legal, enormous, and unmonitored supplies. The high-demand for these precursors provided a huge incentive for pharmaceutical companies to prevent purchasing restrictions that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was trying to enforce. When the DEA discovered bulk shipments of ephedrine being redirected to the Amezcua brothers, there was also a realization of a â€Å"narrow processing window† of ephedrine that was perfect for the meth trade. Cooperation from the nine processing factories in India, China, Germany, Czech Republic and pharmaceutical companies was the only thing needed. Despite DEA efforts, pharmaceutical industry lobbyists blocked every single anti-meth bill with help of key senators and members of congress. The relentless battle of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine prohibition was most often times won by powerful companies and corporations, thus the manufacture, distribution, and sale of meth proceeded. Through the lens of Dependency theory, rural economies like the town of Oelwein would be encouraged to discontinue the market of meth because it has become a dependant source of revenue that creates unequal relationships between powerful entities (such as drug cartels, pharmaceutical companies, agricultural based corporations) and small town communities, poor job-seeking immigrants and aspiring meth cooks. The manufacturing of meth is not sustainable and does not result in equal or greater proportions of benefit for those dependant on the business, rather, it enslaves them. Thus, dependency theory is good in its avocation of meth abolishment, but it does not provide other revenue generating substitutes or a way into economic stability. Dependency theory stresses independence while keeping up with developed nations, but in the case of Oelwein, their economy was crippled by external forces and now has to be rebuilt, and thus, their regeneration would require an initial dependence on outside sources. 3. ) In 1940, Vice-President elect Henry Wallace, who formerly served as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s activist agriculture secretary desired to visit Latin America before starting his official duties. He was dispatched to Mexico as a representative, where he applied his unique perspective to the Mexico’s destitute situation. Most Mexicans depended on farming. The Mexican revolution ousted a dictatorship and then seized land from a wealthy few and redistributed it among the poor. The new government had distributed out land to 1. 7 million landless peasants so that they could grow their own food, however this land form was not enough. Mexico did not have the necessary support systems for agricultural scientists, the rural population was illiterate, soils were depleted of nutrients and heavily eroded, basic tools were lacking; tractors were rare- this in turn limited production growth. In addition, diseases often times wiped out the wheat crop, forcing Mexico to import half of its needs. Wallace’s evaluative approach was to raise crop yields combined with Mexican farmer’s disciplined work ethic. Wallace connected to the resources at the Rockefeller foundation asking to the President Raymond B. Fosdick to conduct a study on how to increase Mexican harvests, Fosdick himself dispatched a trio of experts to scour the countryside. Soon enough, Harvard plant breeder Paul Mangelsdorf, Cornell agronomist Richard Bradfield, and University of Minnesota plant pathologist E. C. Stakman commenced on their research, convincing the foundation to set up a joint research program with the Mexican government in 1943, called the Office of Special Studies. The program’s mission was to train Mexican scientist on how to breed higher-yielding varieties of corn, wheat, and beans. Initial successes of the program included the newfound knowledge of â€Å"how to plant a few verities of inbred seed- the precursor to hybrid seed- allowing them to cross-pollinate naturally† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 8). Stakman was interested in Mexico’s second-biggest crop, wheat. Wheat was a crop often subjugated to the fugal epidemics that turned fields into tangles of dead plants, leading to the discontinued production of wheat by Mexican farmers which were an unfortunate lost opportunity for protein. Stakman called upon two proteges from the University of Minnesota to aid him in his mission to end this plight, one would be the founder of the Green Revolution- Norman Borlaug. Borlaug, impatient by the time sucking process of cross-pollinating different varieties of wheat in rust-infested areas to find a natural immunity among them, decided on an unconventional method of breeding that including â€Å"shuttling newly harvested seed between the Yaqui Valley and his experimental plots near Mexico City† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, ). In four years, Borlaug generated his first rust-resistant plants, setting in motion a series of events that would lead to the Green Revolution. The main achievements of the Food Revolution were the high-yielding wheat crops that occurred with every Mexican farmer, leading to the successive spread of the seed throughout Mexico, and therefore the end of Mexico’s wheat shortage by the mid 1950s. And unlike hybrid corn, farmers could â€Å"save seeds from the best of their wheat harvest and plant them the next year to get the same results† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 11). Borlaug’s wheat permeated to Asia, in India and Pakistan, which spurred Governments, private philanthropies and humanitarian organizations to fund and implement the construction of fertilizer factories, irrigation networks, infrastructure, and an introduction to new modern farming techniques. Similar effects took place in Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon, Iraq, China and elsewhere throughout Asia. Additionally, the Green Revolution encouraged foundations and organizations from around the world to establish research centers, projects, and laboratories specializing in number of agricultural-based crops (agroforestry to fish). The shortcomings were evident in its early beginning; the yields were plentiful but sucked so much out of the soil that water and synthetic fertilizer replenishment was necessary. And because farmers could afford fertilizer, this boosted their harvests even further, reinforcing dependency on foreign supplied fertilizers, and therefore diverting funds from the local economy to an outside economy. Increase fertilizer use also introduced pesticides and nitrates that were poisoning to millions and millions of acres of land and some drinking water. This chemical pollution led to a general distrust of the Green Revolution by environmental groups and negative press. Geopolitical considerations would overpower altruistic intentions of the Green Revolution. The idea â€Å"to create an international agency that would control vast grain reserves for the purpose of responding to emergencies and feeding hungry children† was shot down because it would â€Å"reduce opportunities for the world’s agricultural powers to use their homegrown food aid as a tool for furthering their own diplomatic aims† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 23). Ironically, the food revolution had empowered nations enough to the extent of elevating countries’ abilities for political and economic agendas. Another disappointment of the Green Revolution was the failed momentum. Public consciousness no longer had a strong grip; the â€Å"Malthusian Optimism† had befallen upon developed countries. The new crop surpluses and thus, low grain prices â€Å"created a false sense of accomplishment and security in the rich world† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 24). Financial institutions, religious affiliated and nonreligious charity organizations slowly turned away, and aid agencies shifted attention to other social programs. Trends and use of agricultural subsidies have affected food security in developed and developing states more generally. The Green Revolution indirectly started overwhelming Government subsidies for exports, thereby instigating competition between developing countries. Between 1975 and 1985, the Green Revolution helped old U. S. customers such as Mexico and India to become less dependent on the west for grain. In order to keep domestic prices from depressing U. S. government subsidized exports of surplus wheat overseas. The European Community followed along the same strategy, subsidizing exports of wheat, beef, butter, milk and so on- all in efforts to protect farmers. Big multinational commodities firms took advantage of the subsidies race, playing the U. S. and Europe against each other for the cheapest grain, resulting in a distorted world market. The two arising developments, rich-world subsidies and cheaper commodities harshly impacted farmers in the developing countries who were not aided by their impoverished governments and therefore could not compete with similar levels of subsidies. Sasakawa Africa (Norman Borlaug and his team) and the Ethiopian government pushed for heavy production of crops resulting in surplus harvest through the late 1990s, and then a bumper year of 2001-2001, â€Å"when fields burst with about 13 million tons of grains and cereals† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 72). But this positive outcome was not cultivated or optimized due to a number of factors unpredicted by Government and foreign aid shortsightedness. The government policy of structural adjustment failed the agricultural market in Ethiopia and Africa. Under this new policy, government ended responsibility for market functions (such as buying, transporting, storing, marketing of crops, fertilizer) and left them to a private sector, in expectation that the sectors would pick up these tasks. But rarely did these sectors have the capital and infrastructure to complete such tasks. Roads to ports were appalling, let alone the practically nonexistent ties to foreign buyers- exporting options were dismal. The country’s transportation network still relied on unproductive methods (donkeys), and local markets were undercapitalized to buy and store harvest. This, along with the absence of storage facilities that forced crops to come into the market at the same time caused a nationwide glut of corn and wheat, triggering a free fall in grain prices. Ethiopian farmers suffered as what was reaped was far below what it had cost to sow. Another main effort to mitigate food famines in Ethiopia was a considerable amount of American food aid, but this was also not enough. After the 1894 famine, â€Å"Ethiopia routinely had been the largest annual recipient of emergency food aid†¦. U. S. ood aid was running at more than $250 million a year leading up to 2003† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 88). The negative reaction to this, however, was the contraction of longer-term aid and projects to develop agriculture. In 2003, U. S. aid was $500 million and $5 million in development projects. It was illogical, food aid partly helped in aiding against the hunger, but never entirely, rather it seemed to be perpetuating it. Ethiopia became a global welf are state, its farmers and people at first feeling shameful and resentful to having willful acceptance that border on righteousness to aid.

Chimpanzee essays

Chimpanzee essays The chimpanzee is one of the most fascinating mammals in the animal kingdom, from many different aspects, but the main reason is the likeness to humans and human behavior. In the chimpanzee society they, like us form, very strong and committed family bonds with one another, and those bonds will last until death. Much of the information known on chimps today came from Dr. Jane Goodall, when she was in the jungle refuge of Gombe, Tanzania in Africa. In the daily search for food, chimpanzees will travel two to six miles in a day, and spend almost 7 hours eating. They survive on a largely vegetarian diet of such things as is fruit leaves blossoms seeds and stems and after eating they will groom one another. Aside from eating mostly plants, chimps will also feed on meat. Chimps will mostly hunt in groups to stalk their prey, which mainly consists of young antelope, bush pigs, monkeys, and baby baboons. For the most part the chimps will not eat anything that is dead or has been killed they mainly will eat only animals which they themselves have killed. Close to where they are feeding when dusks falls is where the chimps will sleep. Making nests 30-40 feet up in the trees after finding a suitable spot in the tree, the chimp will take only 5 minutes to bend branches and leave to make a comfortable padded bed for the night. A delicacy to chimps is the termite the problem is termites live in huge mounds above ground with tunnels running underground making it hard for chimps to get to them. The chimps have however created tools in order to get termites from their holes. By taking a piece of grass or stick and putting it in a hole it causes the termites to grab a hold thinking the stick is an attacker. When the time is right the chimp will remove the stick from the hole with termites attached and ready to be eaten. Even when the stick has been broken or just showing signs of wear, the chimp will break it off and make it new agai ...

To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee essays

To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee essays To kill a Mockingbird, an acclaimed novel, by Harper Lee is recognised throughout the world. Having read her novel, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 soon after its publication, I was compelled to consider the novel in greater depth but was particularly intrigued to examine the character of Atticus Finch as a hero. Maycomb, a fictional town in the Southern States of America plays host to the novel To Kill a Mockingbird follows a lawyer and his family prior to and during a legal case to defend a black male, Tom Robinson, charged of raping a white female, Mayella Ewell. This occurs in a very white orientated town. Atticus Finch, Attorney and father of two children only plays a brief part in the opening chapter but as this epic novel progresses so does his importance. It becomes apparent that Atticus Finch, arguably the novels main character, is extremely well respected in Maycomb by the majority of its residents. If someone expresses a dislike towards him he will still try to do his best to love everybody. Atticus is a man of extreme integrity and some say that it is through his mouth that Harper Lee expresses her own morality, an opinion that I share. He represents a true gentleman; his conduct is always courteous despite any provocation whether privately or publicly. This is enhanced by the very carefully selected word choice. Atticus is able to use language stylishly when appropriate but he can also communicate very simplistically such as when in a moment of crisis he can talk straightforwardly, for example to Jem and Scout, to enhance understanding. Atticus is a devoted family man; he manages to care for his children without the help of their mother, who died. Harper Lee gives Atticus a very modern style regarding parenting (in comparison to other families in the 1930s i.e. principally he was a single parent). This could perh...

Why Did Honda Choose the In-production Facilities Rather than Case Study

Why Did Honda Choose the In-production Facilities Rather than Contracting the US Auto Company - Case Study Example The investment in a foreign market is favored by some of the factors that are explained in the theories of Foreign Direct Investment. The following is a discussion that explains why the Honda decided to invest in production facilities. Market imperfections are the connections that exist between exchange rates and foreign direct investment. These imperfections are experienced where the world integrates the capital markets. Thus they are subjected to information limitations. In this situation, there is a domestic currency depreciation that can eventually lead to the acquisition of assets from foreign countries. This leads to international capital flow. In Honda’s case, the decrease in the dollar value leads to the increase in the foreign direct investment (Agmon 3). This chance brought an opportunity for Honda to invest in the US. Since the dollar was weaker to some extent, Honda found it easier for it to invest in the US. This was because the assets were cheap for Honda since it had a different currency. The modern theory of FDI occurs because of the domestic assets worth more under foreign control. Honda was able to manage its plant in the US than its counterpart. It accessed the same capital market with th e US hence was very easy for it to penetrate. Honda took advantage of the dollar when it depreciated and then invested in the United States. It is because, the United States becomes a cheaper place to invest when the dollar decreases in value, and thus, it was easy for Honda to produce in the United States. It is noted that the depreciation of a dollar does not affect the opportunities of the foreigners to invest in the United States. Therefore, it was a good chance for Honda to invest in the United States of America since its opportunity to produce there was not affected by the decrease in the value of the dollar (Asmussen 50). Due to the exchange rates, the United States contributed 75% of the final cost of the Honda car, and the imported parts paid the 25% cost.

Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Climate Change - Research Paper Example Extreme temperature is not suitable for sustaining life forms on earth. If the temperature rises beyond certain limits, survival of humans and animals on this earth would be difficult. It should be noted that there is equilibrium, with respect to the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere for photosynthesis and they liberate oxygen when the process is over. On the other hand, human and animals breathe oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide. Thus, the atmospheric content of oxygen and carbon dioxide follows a ratio all the time. However, when atmospheric temperature increases, survival of trees and plants would be difficult and thereby the ratio of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be spoiled. In other words, the content of carbon dioxide increases whereas that of oxygen decreases in the atmosphere because of atmospheric temperature rise. Such a situation is not suitable either for humans or all othe r living things. â€Å"Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. It is estimated that more than 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide are released to the atmosphere due to deforestation, mainly the cutting and burning of forests, every year† (Deforestation). ... In many villages women are hit the hardest by natural disasters. They often cannot swim, have fewer assets to turn to for alternative livelihoods when crops are destroyed, and have fewer employment opportunities away from the home. The perception of many villagers and local leaders is that the climate is already changing. The main problems were typhoons, unpredictable weather, and the threat of salt water intrusion from sea level rise and other factors (A report for Oxfam, 2008, p. 3-4). Floods, tsunamis, earthquake, hurricanes etc are some of the weather calamities caused by climate change problems. All these natural disasters can cause immense damage to human life and properties. The frequency of occurrence of these kinds of natural disasters has been increased a lot in the recent past. Many people believe that climate change problems are the major reasons behind it. The occurrence of unexpected weather calamities is causing huge damage to the life environment and agriculture. Huma n activities are causing huge damages to the environment. Heavy industrialization and increased automobile use result in increased use of fossil fuels. Increased use of fossil fuels causes big problems to the environment since fossil fuels have the ability to release toxic greenhouse gases to the atmosphere at the time of its burning. Land, water and air are getting polluted as time goes on because of unregulated industrialization and automobile use. Moreover, greenhouse gases have the ability to destroy the ozone layer at the top of the earth which is shielding us from the intrusion of harmful radiations from sun and outer universe. â€Å"Scientists believe that Global Warming will lead to a weaker Ozone